{"id":755,"date":"2021-04-28T09:38:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T01:38:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/104.es\/?p=755"},"modified":"2021-04-28T09:38:26","modified_gmt":"2021-04-28T01:38:26","slug":"python-virtualenv-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/104.es\/index.php\/2021\/04\/28\/python-virtualenv-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5efa\u7acbPython\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Python\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u597d\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u53ca\u5957\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f9e\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f09\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u5be6\u7528\u7684Python\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u5225\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u767c\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u548c\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5176\u5be6\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u5927\u795e\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5148\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u6167\u7d50\u6676\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u5b78\u5011\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u96fb\u8166\u4e2d\u6bcf\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u500bPython\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u5c31\u6703\u5b89\u88dd\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u7b49\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u6216\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u7576\u958b\u767c\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c31\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u53ca\u5957\u4ef6\uff1f\u90a3\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u6216\u5957\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u8655\u7406\uff1f\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5c08\u6848\u6253\u5305\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5957\u4ef6\u6216\u6a21\u7d44\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0cPython\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u300d\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5728\u958b\u767c\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4e7e\u6de8\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u65e5\u5f8c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8981\u5b89\u88dd\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u6216\u6a21\u7d44\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5957\u4ef6\u6216\u6a21\u7d44\u9700\u8981\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u653e\u7f6e\u5957\u4ef6\u53ca\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u6848\u4e4b\u9593\u5957\u4ef6\u53ca\u6a21\u7d44\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u5143\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u7fd2\u6163\u4e0a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fvirtualenv\u9019\u500b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9019\u500b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e5f\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5148\u5b89\u88dd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pip install virtualenv<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5b89\u88dd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u5b57\u5143\u4e0b\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u4ee5venv\u70ba\u4f8b\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
virtualenv venv<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u540c\u5b78\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528virtualenv\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88ddvirtualenv\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u76f4\u63a5\u7522\u751f\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u6709\u5728virtualenv\u7121\u6cd5\u5b89\u88dd\u53ca\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u624d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
python -m venv venv<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9806\u5229\u57f7\u884c\uff0cvirtualenv\u5c31\u6703\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u9304\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u505avenv\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u6b64\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u5373\u70bavenv\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u7522\u751f\u6b64\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u8868\u793a\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\u88ab\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u7576\u9806\u5229\u5efa\u7acbvenv\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u9032\u5165\u6b64\u74b0\u5883\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u6b64\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b \uff08\u4ee5Windows\u70ba\u4f8b\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
venv\\Scripts\\activate<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u662fMacOS\u6216\u662fLinux\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u5165\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u8acb\u7559\u610f\u7b26\u865f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
source venv\/bin\/activate<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u9032\u5165\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u5bb9\u77ad\u89e3\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8655\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u540d\u7a31\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(venv) C:\\Users\\skyne><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u5728Anaconda\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u591a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500bAnaconda\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(venv) (base) C:\\Users\\skyne><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u6b21\u9032\u5165\u6b64\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6aa2\u67e5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u53ca\u5957\u4ef6\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pip list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u521d\u6b21\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u61c9\u5982\u4e0b\u5716\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u53ea\u67093\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e0a\u5716\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u9ec3\u8272\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011pip\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c92\u66f4\u65b0\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u5c08\u6848\u5b89\u88dd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u6642\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\u5c31\u6703\u8001\u8001\u5be6\u5be6\u5730\u5f85\u5728\u9019\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4ee5pip install numpy\u5b89\u88dd\u4e86\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u6578\u503c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a21\u7d44\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21pip list\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u6703\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u6253\u7b97\u8981\u50b3\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u793a\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u7528\u4e5f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u7d44\u5462\uff1f\u7fd2\u6163\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u6703\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u505arequirements.txt\u7684\u6a94\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pip freeze > requirements.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7136\u5f8c\u628arequirements.txt\u9019\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u96a8\u8457\u5c08\u6848\u50b3\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6b64\u5c08\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u518d\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u53e3\u6c23\u628a\u6b64\u5c08\u6848\u6240\u6709\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u5168\u90e8\u5b89\u88dd\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pip install -r requirements.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u9700\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e5f\u4e00\u4f75\u8907\u88fd\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5594\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u74b0\u5883\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9069\u7528\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u6301\u5c08\u6848\u6700\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5225\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5728Python\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709requirements.txt\u6558\u660e\u672c\u5c08\u6848\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\u548c\u5957\u4ef6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u96e2\u958b\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u9054\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
deactivate<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528Anaconda\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u4e86Anaconda\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528Anaconda\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
conda create --name myvenv python=3.8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6307\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70bamyvenv\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u662f3.8\u7248\u3002Anaconda\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60f3\u8981\u67e5\u8a62\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u67e5\u8a62\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
conda env list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5207\u63db\u76ee\u524d\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
conda activate myvenv<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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